| CHERRY ROOTSTOCKS |
Gisela 6 |
 Dwarfing. 60% -65% tree size of Mazzard. Very precocious. Well-anchored. Does well in higher potential soils. Good fruit size. |
Mahaleb |
Also popular world-wide. Slightly dwarfing. Precocious. More cold hardy than Mazzard. Most used rootstock in SA. |
Maxma 14 |
Mazzard x Mahaleb hybrid. 20% - 25% more dwarfing than Mazzard. Suited to higher density planting. Compatible with most cherry varieties. Productive. Precocious. Wet soil tolerant (shallow rootsystem). Anchorage might be a problem in some cases. |
Mazzard |
Most popular world wide. Good fruit quality. Good choice for wet heavy soils. Vigorous. Not as precocious. |
| CITRUS |
C35 |
Shows considerable promise. Tolerant to phytophthora foot and root rot and tristeza. Resistant to citrus nematodes. Frost-tolerance as good as Carizzo. Trees are medium in size and about 25% smaller than on Carizzo. Suitable for closer spacing plantings. |
Carizzo / Troyer |
Grow moderately vigorously on a range of soil types. Intermediate frost tolerance. Tolerance to tristeza and foot rot. Trees on Carizzo/Troyer are resistant to xyloporosis but susceptible to blight. |
Rough Lemon |
Rough lemon imparts good vigour and results in trees of large size, particularly on sandy soils in warm, humid regions. In addition to being tolerant to tristeza, trees on rough lemon are very drought-tolerant because of the extensive well-developed root system. Very tolernat rootstock to high pH soils due to calcium carbonate. |
Swingle |
Fruit is of similar quality to that grown on Carizzo/Troyer. Good col-hardiness. Tolerant to tristeza, blight and root and foot rot as well as being resistant to citrus nematodes. Have good exocortis- and xyloporosis-tolerance. Trees grow well on most soils and are reportedly especially tolerant of waterlogged conditions. Unacceptable choice in heavy clay, calcareous soils and high pH soils. |
| POME FRUIT - Apples |
1] MM109 |
Vigour: 100 - 110%. Precocious and high production. Wide adaptability. Low to medium potential soils and warmer areas. Recommended for spur type - poor soils and replant sites. |
2] M25 |
Vigour: 80-100%. Very precocious and high production. Low to medium potential soils. Good tree structure for light penetration. Recommended for medium to poor soils and replant sites. Can get collor rot in poorly drained soils. Collar rot is controllable with chemical treatment. |
3] M793 |
Vigour: 80-90%. Precocious and high production. Wide adaptability. Recommended for a wide range of soils and cultivars. |
4] MM106 |
Vigour: 60-70%. Very precocious and high production. Medium to high potential soils. Produces flat crotch apples. Give good fruit size. Can get collar rot in poorly drained soils. Collar rot is controllable with chemical treatment. |
5] M7 |
Vigour: 60%. Precocious and high production. Wide adaptability. Not for spur types. Resistant to collar rot. Produces flat crotch angles. |
6] M26 |
Vigour: 40-50%. Prococious and high production. High potential soils and colder climates. Produces burrknots. Sunburn can be a problem in weak growing conditions. |
7] M9 |
Vigour: 30%. Very precocious and high production. High potential soils - colder climates and vigorous. Produces flat crotch angles and large fruit. Can give sunburn in weak growing conditions cultivars. |
| POME FRUIT - Pears |
a] BP3 |
Vigour: 100%. Precocious and high production. Wide adaptation. Good on low potential soils. Cold and warm areas. Tolerant to apple stem grooving and apple clorotic leafspot viruses. Recommended for less vigorous and red cultivars. |
aa] BP1 |
Vigour: 60-80%. Precocious and high production. Medium to high potential soils and colder areas. Tolerant to apple stem grooving and apple clorotic leafspot viruses. Recommended for vigorous and bi-colour cultivars. Require spur. Pruning in hot climates. |
Pirowdwarf |
Vigour: 70% |
Quince BA29 |
Vigour: 60%. Little more vigour than other quinces. Good productivity. Good precocity. |
Quince C51 |
Vigour: 50-60%. Characteristics: Very precocious and high. Utilisation of rootstock: high potential soils. Recommended for production vigorous and bi-colour cultivars. |
| POME FRUIT: APPLES - GENEVA ROOTSTOCKS |
CG (8)228 |
Size similar to M793. It is resistant to fire blight, crown rot and WAA. Top performer in SA. Unknown tolerance to apple replant disease. Good rooting in stool bed. |
CG 222 |
Tree size similar to the vigorous clones of M9, but productivity is better. It is resistant to fire blight, crown rot and WAA. It is very winter hardy. It has moderate to poor propagation characteristics in the stool bed. Peformed well in SA. Should be planted in densities of 2500 - 3000 trees/ha. |
CG 778 |
Vigor is similar to MM109. It is resistant to fire blight, crown rot and WAA. It has good rooting in the stool bed. Unknown tolerance to apple replant disease. Performed well in SA. |
CG(3) 007 |
Similar to size M7. It is resistant to fire blight, crown rot and WAA. Top performer in SA. Unknown tolerance to apple replant disease. Moderate rooting in stool bed. |
CG(5)202 |
Vigor is similar to M26. It is resistant to fire blight and crown rot. Its resistance to WAA is unclear. It has good propagation characteristics in the stool bed. |
G 41 |
Tree size similar to weak M9's but productivity is better. It is resistant to fire blight, crown rot and WAA. It is very winter hardy. It has moderate to poor propagation characteristics in the stool bed. Good resistance to replant disease. Should be planted in densities of 3000-3500 trees/ha. |
| STONE FRUIT |
Apricot Seedling |
Growth: very vigorous. Fertile. For all good drained soils. Sensitive to wet soils. Does well in Klein-Karoo schale soils. |
Flordaguard Clonal |
Growth: Vigorous. Much more fertile than Kakamas seedling. For good drained soils. Roots easier than Nemared. Resistant to rootknot nematodes. Redleave rootstock sensitive for wet soils. |
GF 677 clonal |
More vigorous than Kakamas seedling. Much more fertile than Kakamas. For good drained lime free grounds with high soil pH up to 7.8 (KCL). Also for light drained sand soils. Characteristics: Suitable for limy soils, more suspectable for wetness than Kakamas seedling, forms no suckers, sensitive for nematode, open to cronegal, roots difficult. |
Kakamas seedling |
Vigorous. Fertile, but much less so than GF 677 and Sapo 778. For all good drained soils. Every rootstock differs in genetics because of the seedling effect. Sensitive for nematode, lime free and open to cronegal. |
Marianna |
Very vigorous. Highly fertile. Utilisation: All soils, except sandy soils. More vigorous than Maridon. |
Maridon |
Vigorous. Highly fertile. Utilisation: All soils, except white sandy soils. More resistant against bacterial cancer than other rootstocks. Produce bigger fruit and is earlier than Marianna. |
Nemared clonal |
Growth: medium to vigorous. Fertile. For good drained soils. Resistant to root-knot nematode (M.incognitia and M.javanica). Redleave rootstock. Roots difficult. Sensitive for wet soil similar to Nemaguard. |
Penta |
Vigorous. Adaptable to every type of land. Resistant to limestone in the same extend as GF677. Highly resistant to nematodes and phytophtora. |
Sapo 778 |
Vigorous. In most ways (growth) the same as Kakamas seedling. Much more fertile than Kakamas seedling. For all soils with pH lower than 6.0 (KCL). Survive better in wet grounds than Kakamas seedling. Induce bigger fruit than Kakamas seedling. Not compatible for apricots. Sensitive for lime free grounds. Less sensitive for nematode than GF 677. |
Tetra |
Average vigour. Adaptable to every type of land. Resistant to limestone in the same extend as GF677. Resistant to rootknot and Phytophtora. |
Viking |
The Viking rootstock origionated from Zaiger's Genetics in the USA. It is compatible with peaches, nectarines and plums, but not apricots. Its interspecific cross is Nemaguard x (almond x plum).
The rootstock has a vigorous growth, equal to Sapo 778 and is more fertile than the Kakamas seedling. Low and high pH soil is recommended and its survival rate is better in damp soil conditions in comparison to the Kakamas seedling. The Viking rootstock also obtains higher production in free-lime soil than the Kakamas saadling. Its achievement is almost as good as GF 677 in lime soils. The Viking rootstock roots easier than Sapo 778. |
| VINES |
101-14 |
It performs well on a wider soil spectrum than Richter 99 and Richter 110 and the soils on which it is used may be relatively shallower. 101-14 can be used on shale and granite-like structured soil and shallow, wet soils. Resistance to wet conditions: very good. Poor resistance to lime. |
143 B |
This rootstock which is well adapted to heavy, wet pot-clay soils that are shallow and have poor internal drainage buds exceptionally early. Growth arrestment in Sultanina is much less common if it is grafted on 143 B. Vigour: very good to exceptional. |
Paulsen |
This rootstock is recommended on relatively deep, well drained soils (60-90cm) that have good moisture-holding properties. Outside Italy, where Paulsen is widely planted, it also enjoys great popularity in North Africa and Southern France which climatologically resemble South Africa. Wet resistance: Very good if phytophthora is absent. Drought resistance: Very good to excellent. Lime resistace: Fairly good. Better than Richter 110, but poorer than Ruggeri. Phylloxera resistance: very good to excellent. |
Ramsey |
The rootstock is recommended on relatively deep sandy soils under irrigation, particularly where nematodes are present. Due to excessive vegetative growth, the rootstock is not recommended on deep, fertile soils under irrigation since these lead to poor fruit-set and sterile winter buds. In most cases large training systems must be provided if Ramsey is used as rootstock. |
Richter 110 |
This rootstock is recommended on the same wide-spectrum soils as Richter 99, while it is preferred on drier, medium-depth (40-60cm) soils. Richter 110 is increasing in popularity at the cost of Richter 99 in wine countries around the Mediterranean. This is attributed to better drought resistance. |
Richter 99 |
The rootstock is especially recommended for relatively deep soils (60-90cm) that are well drained and have good moisture-holding properties. Red and yellow structureless soils (Hutton, Clovelly) and dark-coloured soils (Oakleaf) as well as shale and granite soils (Glenrosa, Swartland, Sterkspruit) where drainage is not a problem, appear to be the most suitable for Richter 99. Although wine countries such as France prefer Paulsen, Ruggeri and Richter 99, the latter performs very well under South African conditions and is therefore very popular. |
